Phase I: Involves a small group of healthy volunteers to assess safety, dosage, and side effects. Phase II: Focuses on efficacy and side effects in a larger group of patients who have the condition the drug aims to treat. Phase III: Conducted on a large scale to confirm efficacy, monitor side effects, and compare the drug to standard treatments. Phase IV: Post-marketing studies to gather additional information on the drug’s risks, benefits, and optimal use.
