What is Shingrix?
Shingrix is a non-live, recombinant subunit vaccine that is specifically designed to prevent shingles (herpes zoster) in adults. It was developed by
GlaxoSmithKline and received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (
FDA) in 2017. Unlike older vaccines, Shingrix contains an adjuvant, AS01B, which enhances the body's immune response to the
varicella-zoster virus (VZV).
Why is Shingrix Important?
Shingles is a painful condition caused by the reactivation of VZV, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Shingrix is important because it provides strong protection against shingles and its complications, such as
postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). The vaccine has been shown to be more than 90% effective in preventing shingles across all age groups.
Who Should Get Shingrix?
The
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends Shingrix for adults aged 50 years and older, as well as adults aged 19 years and older who are or will be immunodeficient or immunosuppressed due to disease or therapy. The vaccine is administered in two doses, with the second dose given 2 to 6 months after the first.
How Does Shingrix Work?
Shingrix works by stimulating the immune system to produce a strong response against VZV. The vaccine contains a glycoprotein E (gE) antigen that is found on the virus, and the AS01B adjuvant system helps to boost the immune response. This dual action ensures long-lasting immunity against shingles.
What are the Side Effects?
Common side effects of Shingrix include pain, redness, and swelling at the injection site, muscle pain, tiredness, headache, shivering, fever, and upset stomach. These side effects are generally mild to moderate and resolve on their own within a few days. Serious side effects are rare but can include severe allergic reactions.
Comparison with Other Vaccines
Before Shingrix,
Zostavax, a live attenuated vaccine, was the primary option for shingles prevention. However, Shingrix has been shown to be more effective, especially in older adults. Zostavax is about 51% effective against shingles, while Shingrix maintains over 90% efficacy. Moreover, Shingrix does not contain live virus, making it suitable for people with weakened immune systems.
Market Impact and Adoption
Since its introduction, Shingrix has had a significant impact on the shingles vaccine market. Its high efficacy and strong safety profile have driven widespread adoption. The demand for Shingrix has sometimes outpaced supply, leading to temporary shortages. However, GlaxoSmithKline has ramped up production to meet the increasing demand.
Future Developments
Research is ongoing to explore the potential of Shingrix in other populations and for other indications. Studies are being conducted to assess its efficacy in younger adults, as well as its potential role in preventing other VZV-related conditions. Additionally, GlaxoSmithKline is continuously working on improving the vaccine's supply chain to ensure broader accessibility.
Conclusion
Shingrix represents a significant advancement in the prevention of shingles. Its high efficacy, combined with a strong safety profile, makes it the preferred choice for adults seeking protection against this painful condition. As research continues and production scales up, Shingrix is poised to play an even larger role in public health efforts to reduce the burden of shingles worldwide.
