Citalopram - Pharma

What is Citalopram?

Citalopram is a prescription medication that belongs to a class of antidepressants known as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). It is primarily used to treat major depressive disorder but may also be prescribed for other conditions such as anxiety disorders.

How Does Citalopram Work?

Citalopram functions by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is believed to have a good influence on mood, emotion, and sleep. By blocking the reuptake of serotonin into neurons, citalopram increases the availability of this chemical in the brain, thereby helping to improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression.

What are the Common Side Effects?

Like many medications, citalopram may cause side effects. Common side effects include nausea, dry mouth, fatigue, increased sweating, and sleep disturbances. More serious but less common side effects may include serotonin syndrome, QT interval prolongation, and suicidal thoughts, especially in young adults. Patients are advised to discuss any side effects with their healthcare provider promptly.

Who Should Avoid Citalopram?

Citalopram is not suitable for everyone. It should be used cautiously in patients with a history of cardiac arrhythmias, as it can affect heart rhythm. It is also not recommended for individuals who are allergic to citalopram or any of its components. Additionally, it's crucial to inform the healthcare provider of any other medications being taken to avoid potential drug interactions.

How is Citalopram Administered?

Citalopram is usually administered orally in the form of tablets or liquid solution. The typical starting dose for adults is 20 mg once daily, with potential adjustments based on individual response and tolerability. It can be taken with or without food. Consistency in timing—taking it at the same time each day—is recommended to maintain steady drug levels in the body.

What are the Considerations for Discontinuation?

Discontinuing citalopram should be done gradually and under medical supervision to avoid withdrawal symptoms, which can include dizziness, sensory disturbances, and anxiety. A healthcare professional will typically recommend a tapering schedule to minimize these effects.

Are There Any Drug Interactions?

Citalopram can interact with several other medications. Notably, it should not be taken with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) or within 14 days of discontinuing an MAOI. Other interacting drugs include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), anticoagulants, and other serotonergic drugs, which can increase the risk of bleeding or serotonin syndrome.

Is Citalopram Safe During Pregnancy?

The safety of citalopram during pregnancy is a concern and should be discussed with a healthcare provider. While some studies suggest potential risks such as persistent pulmonary hypertension in the newborn or neonatal adaptation syndrome, untreated depression itself poses risks to both the mother and the fetus. A risk-benefit analysis is essential when deciding whether to continue or discontinue the medication during pregnancy.

What are the Alternatives to Citalopram?

There are several alternatives to citalopram for treating depression, including other SSRIs like fluoxetine and sertraline, as well as different classes of antidepressants such as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants. The choice of antidepressant may depend on the individual's symptoms, side effect profile, and any other medical conditions.